Virulence factors and pathogenesis of streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a grampositive aerobic or facultative anaerobic coccus, member of the strep tococcaceae family, which was discovered in 1881. The variability of the course of infection by streptococcus pneumoniae is well known but poorly understood. Create a copy of streptococcuspneumoniaectvdb in the pneumocat directory. Invasive pneumococcal diseases ipds include meningitis and bacteremia. Laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of streptococcus pneumoniae. Rapid diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniaeinduced. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of communityacquired pneumonia and a major pathogen in. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Streptococcus pneumoniae based on available data, the world health organization who estimates that streptococcus pneumoniae s.
Mayo clinic laboratories recommends that csf bacterial cultures be. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally causing more deaths than any other infectious disease. A gram stain of infectious material pus, sputum can be performed to demonstrate the presence of the grampositive, lancetshaped cocci, followed by culture. Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease fact sheet. The gold standard diagnostic method is still culture even if bacteriological diagnosis is making progress in molecular biology and in proteomics areas. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, spinal fluid krmc. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria cause a wide variety of infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media om, sinusitis, and meningitis. This is achieved by manipulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor pigr which delivers secretory iga and igm to mucosal surfaces by basolateraltoapical transcytosis. Feb 18, 2009 the diagnosis of severe streptococcus pneumoniae infection relies heavily on insensitive culture techniques. Diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae lower respiratory. Make sure to save the file with the same name reference. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection in urine background streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common organism recovered from patients with communityacquired pneumonia cap. This can determine serotype based on capsular antigens. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, it is important to have diagnostic test methods available that can provide a rapid diagnosis.
It does however have the potential to become pathogenic. S pneumoniae is the most common cause of communityacquired pneumonia cap, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and otitis media, as well as an important cause of sinusitis, septic arthritis, osteomy. Sensitivity and specificity of binax now urinary antigen test for the diagnosis of. Missouri department of health and senior services communicable disease investigation reference manual. Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses a surface protein, pspc, that facilitates translocation of bacteria by transcytosis through upper respiratory epithelial cells. Surveillance worksheet cdc pneumococcal conjugate vaccine failure case report cdc 52. Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause different symptoms depending on the part of the body. Pdf laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease. Jan 15, 2020 laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of streptococcus pneumoniae. Rapid diagnosis of bacteremic pneumococcal infections in. The diagnosis of severe pneumococcal infections is inadequate, relying heavily on culture of streptococcus pneumoniae from blood or other normally sterile. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important causative agent of pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, sinusitis and otitis media.
Invasive streptococcus pneumoniae is diagnosed when the bacterium is grown from cultures of sterile body fluids, such as the blood or spinal fluid. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection in urine. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. A negative result does not exclude streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
The procedures described in this manual are not new. Pdf streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of communityacquired pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance has developed worldwide and is most frequent in pneumococcal serotypes that are most prevalent in children typesgroups 6, 14, 19, and 23. Microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia is fundamental to ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy, which is. Pneumococcal infections streptococcus pneumoniae workup. Identification and characterization of streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive pneumococcal disease ipd page 4 of 8. Streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus is the classic example of a highly invasive, grampositive, extracellular bacterial pathogen. Diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults with. Laboratory diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infection is based on finding characteristics shape of the organism in the sputum, characteristic colony morphology, biochemical reactions, susceptibility to certain diagnostic discs and latex agglutination test culture and identification during suspected streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a grampositive, alphahemolytic under aerobic conditions or betahemolytic under anaerobic conditions, facultative anaerobic member of the genus streptococcus. Report of a working group summary streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the united states, resulting each year in an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7,000,000 cases of otitis media. Aug 27, 2018 pneumococcal infections are caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, a grampositive, catalasenegative organism commonly referred to as pneumococcus. Pdf streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia.
Nearly 20% of fresh clinical isolates require fully anaerobic conditions. Cdcs lab is one of the few specialized reference laboratories that generate capsular typing antisera for resolution of 92 pneumococcal serotypes. Streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus is one of the most important human pathogens. Domestically, the cdc streptococcus laboratory provides the majority of the pneumococcal serotyping and much of the antimicrobial susceptibility. Diagnostic detection of streptococcus pneumoniae ppma in. A diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae must take into consideration. Diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults with bacteremia and communityacquired pneumonia.
Pneumococcal pneumonia is best diagnosed by sputum culture. Streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus is one of the. Laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease. Children carry this pathogen in the nasopharynx asymptomatically for about 46 weeks, often several serotypes at a time. Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test 8216 tricore reference laboratories is pleased to announce that it now offers streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen testing to aid in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. It is the major virulence factor of streptococcus pneumoniae. Jan 29, 2012 diagnosis of streptococcus pneumonia chest xray culture and staining biochemical tests of isolated organism 24. Streptococcus biochemical reactions free download as powerpoint presentation. Other frequent etiologies of cap include mycoplasma pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory viruses. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia due to streptococcus. Diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults.
Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, spinal fluid northwell. Pdf streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, missing opportunities. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, missing opportunities of a promising point of care diagnostic t est magdalena slomka 1, ruby gupta 2, baltej singh 3, v enkatesh gondhi 4, siddartha bhandary. The diagnosis of severe streptococcus pneumoniae infection relies heavily on insensitive culture techniques. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are often difficult to diagnose accurately, as it is not uncommon for clinical samples to be culturenegative, particularly after antibiotic administration. The pneumococcal capsule, for which there are more than 90 distinct serotypes, serves as the target for current highly effective multivalent vaccines against this global pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus is gram positive. Sputum or blood is plated on blood agar and incubated at 37 c in the presence of 510% carbon dioxide. Antibiotic treatment and the diagnosis of streptococcus.
A prospective study of 154 consecutive highrisk hospitalized children with lower respiratory infections was conducted to determine the clinical utility of a pneumolysinbased polymerase chain reaction pcr assay compared with blood and pleural fluid cultures and serological and urinary antigen tests to determine the incidence of streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently encountered bacterial agent of communityacquired pneumonia, and can also be an agent of bacterial meningitis. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae w h o m a n ua l, 2n d e d i t ion1 1 the first edition has the who reference whocdscsredc99. If doctors suspect invasive pneumococcal disease, like meningitis or bloodstream infections, they collect samples of cerebrospinal fluid or blood and send them to a laboratory for testing. The streptococcus laboratory is also very engaged globally in supporting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction and evaluation by providing lab training and improved strain surveillance methods. Icd9cm 481 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 481 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before september 30, 2015.
It is often found as a normal commensal in the nasopharynx of healthy adults and children. Pdf streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of both pneumonia overall and fatal pneumonia. Some pneumococcal infections are considered invasive when the infection occurs in areas parts of the body that are normally sterile. Laboratory diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, urine thedacare laboratory. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently encountered bacterial agent of communityacquired pneumonia cap. They are usually found in pairs and do not form spores and are nonmotile. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, urine lima memorial. Within the streptococcuspneumoniaecustom directory open the reference. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, urine northwell health. To improve the usefulness of pcr assays, we developed a dualpcr protocol targeted at pneumolysin and autolysin for edta blood samples. Gram staining of sputum shows lancet shaped grampositive cocci in pairs.
Infection with streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently reported etiology in lower respiratory tract infections lrti with frequencies from 29% 1 to as high as 48% in a recent british survey. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus is a bacterial pathogen that affects children and adults worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae disease while others do not. Streptococcus pneumoniae medical microbiology youtube. Most animal models of pneumonia, sepsis or meningitis have been forced to use site. According to the college of american pathologists cap, imm. Reporting requirements references disease case report cd1 pdf format word format streptococcus pneumoniae. The girl was diagnosed with streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus infection. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae carl a.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive pneumococcal disease ipd table of contents. How is streptococcus pneumoniae diagnosed and treated. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a grampositive diplococcus also known as pneumococcus or diplococcus pneumonia, is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia in infants and elderly patients, alcoholics, diabetics, and patients with immunosuppression. The clinical significance of streptococcus pneumoniae. In general, patients with atypical pneumonia have mucoid sputum with abundant. Types of disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. Mar 15, 2008 streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus is one of the most important human pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus, is a bacteria that causes an acute infection. Clinical comparison of pneumococcal pcr and urinary antigen detection michael d.
Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroupspecific invasive disease potential of streptococcus pneumoniae in children. Performing laboratory mayo clinic laboratories in rochester specimen type urine advisory information. Feb 27, 2016 streptococcus pneumoniae medical microbiology. Microbiology and pathogenesis of streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal pneumonia streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia short description. Streptococcus pneumoniae is characterized by a polysaccharide capsule that completely encloses the cell, and plays a key role in its virulence.
Helps strengthen interdisciplinary networking and the focus of scientific resources by targeting epidemiology, vaccines, genetics, antibiotic resistance, clonal dissemination, streptococcus pneumoniae biology, functional genomics. Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for plateletactivating factor. Laboratorybased diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in sputum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis cie or isolation of pneumococci from blood or pleural fluid bpfpositive. Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal pneumonia. This pneumonia usually presents abruptly with chills, a cough with rustcolored. When blood culture is not available, streptococcus pneumoniae teichoic acid antigen detection in urine binax may be an alternative, although its specificity is low. Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, spinal fluid lake lab. Pneumococcal infections are caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, a grampositive, catalasenegative organism commonly referred to as pneumococcus. It is an important cause of communityacquired infections, especially among young children, the elderly, and individuals with certain underlying host defense abnormalities. Diagnosis of streptococcus pneumonia chest xray culture and staining biochemical tests of isolated organism 24.
Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive disease guide to surveillance and investigation last revised. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important human pathogens, and pneumococcal disease is endemic all over the world. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal disease arup consult. Pdf a study was conducted from health laboratory ncbphl in bangui, central africa republic car, on cerebrospinal fluid csf coming. This manual summarizes laboratory techniques used in the isolation and identification and characterization of neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of patients with clinical meningitis or bacteremia. Who laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis. Defining the public health impact of drugresistant. Identifying pneumococcus bacteria from the sample collected helps doctors confirm that pneumococcus is the cause of the illness. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive pneumococcal disease ipd. January, 2020 florida department of health page 3 of 8 d. Infection due to streptococcus pneumoniae cannot be ruled out since the antigen present in the specimen may be below the detection limit.
Invasive pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae disease or ipd causes many clinical. Streptococcus pneumoniae, antigen detection labquality. Pdf the laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease ipd continues to rely on. Provides an updated overview of our existing knowledge on streptococcus pneumoniae antibiotic resistance, dissemination, and pathogenesis, including immunology. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of both pneumonia overall and fatal pneumonia. Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia in the molecular age european. The bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus. The sputum gram stain has less utility in the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia.
Perlino from the division of infectious diseases, department of medicine, emory university school of medicine, atlanta, georgia the diagnostic reliability of the quellung reaction of sputum and the gram stain. The diagnosis of severe streptococcus pneumoniae infection relies. Streptococcus pneumoniae colony morphology and microscopic. Pneumococcus streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of invasive bacterial infection in children and a frequent cause of communityacquired pneumonia cap. Modes of transmission invasive disease is not transmitted person to person as it only occurs after the bacteria that. Pneumoniae streptococcus pneumoniae is a fastidious bacterium, growing best in 5% carbon dioxide. Apr 16, 2019 brueggemann ab, peto te, crook dw, et al. Pdf organspecific models of streptococcus pneumoniae disease. Pdf molecular diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae acute. Laboratory diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae infection is based on finding characteristics shape of the organism in the sputum, characteristic colony morphology, biochemical reactions, susceptibility to certain diagnostic discs and latex agglutination test. Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical material occurs in two distinctive forms.
Table 2 laboratory diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae an overview sciencedirect topics. Antibody to the polysaccharide capsule 80 serotypes provides typespecific immunity. Streptococcal pneumoniae meningitis case study immunopaedia. Biochemical test and identification of streptococcus. The diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniaeinduced atypical hus was made based on the combination of the clinical symptoms acute haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure and the laboratory findings tantigen activation, pneumococcal antigen detection. Workers and experts met to discuss the gaps in the microbiology.
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